威尔逊十四点计划提出时间和内容 威尔逊十四点计划中英全文

 

　　威尔逊十四点计划，即十四点和平原则，是美国总统威尔逊于1918年1月8日在美国国会发表的一次演说中提出的，当时正值一战的尾声。威尔逊十四点计划包括14个点，本文将为读者提供这一计划的中文翻译以及英文原文。
　　威尔逊十四点计划提出时间
　　美国提出十四点和平原则，又称十四点计划，美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊为结束第一次世界大战提出的纲领。1918年1月8日，美国总统威尔逊在国会发表演说时提出并分致各国。
　　一九一八年一月八日，当第一次世界大战快结束时，在对国会所发表的著名演说中，威尔逊总统提出十四点，认为这是促进世界和平的「唯一可行」的计划。随后，这十四点被采用作为和平谈判的基础。
　　威尔逊十四点计划内容
　　中文全文
　　（1）公开订立和平条约，无秘密外交。
　　（2）无论战时与和平时期，公海航行绝对自由；
　　（3）取消国家间的经济障碍并建立贸易平等条约；
　　（4）充分互相保证，各国军备必须减少至保证本国内部安全的最低水平；
　　（5）调整对殖民地的要求，平等对待殖民地人民；
　　（6）德国撤出俄国，调整俄国问题；
　　（7）德军撤出比利时，恢复比利时之独立性；
　　（8）德军撤出法国，阿尔萨斯一洛林也还法国；
　　（9）根据民族性原则，重新调整意大利边界；
　　（10）奥匈各族自治，允许独立；
　　（11）同盟国撤出罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚和黑山。
　　（12）奥斯曼帝国的民族自决。
　　（13）恢复波兰之独立性。
　　（14）成立国际联盟以维持世界和平。
　　英文全文
　　Woodrow Wilson
　　The World Must Be Made Safe For Every Peace-Loving Nation: The Fourteen Points
　　January 8，1918
　　Washington
　　Gentlemen of the Congress:
　　Once more, as repeatedly before, the spokesmen of the central Empires have indicated their desire to discuss the objects of the war and the possible basis of a general peace.
　　It will be our wish and purpose that the processes of peace, when they are begun, shall be absolutely open and that they shall involve and permit henceforth no secret understandings of any kind. The day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by; so is also the day of secret covenants entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at some unlooked-for moment to upset the peace of the world. It is this happy face, now clear to the view of every public man whose thoughts do not still linger in an age that is dead and gone, which makes it possible for every nation whose purposes are consistent with justice and the peace of the world to avow now or at any other time the objects it has in view.
　　We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and make the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secure once for all against their recurrence. What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression. All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The program of the world’s peace therefore, is our program; and that program, the only possible program, as we see it, is this：
　　1. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
　　2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
　　3. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
　　4. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
　　5. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
　　6. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity ofr the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free naions under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also fo every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
　　7. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.
　　8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
　　9. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.
　　10. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.
　　11. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
　　12. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of al nations under international guarantees.
　　13. An independent Polish state should erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
　　14. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
　　In regard to these essential rectifications of wrong and assertions of right we feel ourselves to be intimate partners of all the governments and peoples associated together against the Imperialists. We cannot be separated in interest or divided in purpose. We stand together until the end.
　　For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight and to continue to fight until they are achieved; but only because we wish the right to prevail and desire a just and stable peace such as can be secured only by removing the chief provocations to war, which this program does remove. We have no jealousy of German greatness, and there is nothing in this program that impairs it. We grudge her no achievement or distinction of learning or of pacific enterprise such as have made her record very bright and very enviable. We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimate influence or power. We do not wish to associate herself with us and the other peace-loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing. We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world, the new world in which we now live, instead of a place of mastery.
　　Neither do we presume to suggest to her any alteration or modification of her institutions. But it is necessary, we must frankly say, and necessary as a preliminary to any intelligent dealings with her on our part, that we should know whom her spokesmen speak for when they speak to us, whether for the Reichstag majority or for the military party and the men whose creed is imperial domination.
　　We have spoken now, surely, in terms too concrete to admit of any further doubt or question. An evident principle runs through the whole program I have outlined. It is the principle of justice to all peoples and nationalities, and their right to live on equal terms of liberty and safety with one another, whether they be strong or weak. Unless this principle be made its foundation no part of the structure of international justice can stand. The people of the United States could act upon no other principle, and to the vindication of this principle they ready to devote their lives, their honor, and everything that they possess. The moral climax of this, the culminating and final war for human liberty has come, and they are ready to put their own strength, their own highest purpose, their own integrity and devotion to the test.